ABSORBER EFFECTIVE MEDIUM FOR REDUCING POLLUTION

INTRODUCTION:-

Industrial development in Indonesia continues to increase every year. The concentration of pollutants emitted, not only depends on the capacity of the fuel, will however depend also on the stability of the atmosphere, whereas the spreading distance depends on the height of chimney used. In atmospheric stability A (very unstable), the concentration of pollutants emitted is very large, conversely, if the atmospheric stability is E (rather stable), the level of pollutants emitted is small. Most of the previous studies focused on the reaction research, absorption rate, and CO2 absorption efficiency system, which was carried out using absorber columns. Furthermore, anu researcher made a simulation of Air Pollutants Minimalization of Pollutant Absorber with Condensation. Absorption is a physical or chemical process of removing a pollutant from a gas phase media by dissolving the pollutant into a solvent media. Solvent media is most commonly a liquid phase, but can be a dry bulk solid in certain systems. The material that absorbs is called the solvent, and the gas that is to be absorbed is called the solute. The most common form of absorption is wet scrubbing. A wet scrubber is the generic name of a control device that uses the process of absorption to separate the pollutant from a gas stream.

Many pollutants, both natural and synthetic, are gaseous in nature and require specific technology to effectively remove the pollutant from an exhaust or process gas stream. Gaseous industrial pollutants can include:

Acid Gases (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide, and many others)
Inorganic Gases (Sulfur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides, Ammonia, etc.)
Organic Gases (Ethylene, Benzene, Ethanol, and many other volatile organic compounds [VOCs] or hazardous air pollutants [HAPs])

METHOD:-

The research method uses Research & Development techniques with a Design For Production (DFP) approach. The DFP approach uses a multilevel system perspective from manufacturing activities to highlight the product development process. An important aspect of the DFP approach is the estimation of manufacturing system performance for products. Product design and manufacture of activated charcoal is carried out at the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University Laboratory of Engineering, while for testing, the equipment is carried out at UPB Suralaya. The research began by making activated charcoal derived from coconut shells. After the activated charcoal is finished, the charcoal is taken to the trial site, the UPB Suralaya chimney. The design of the prototype application of pollutant absorber in the UPB Suralaya chimney

POLLUTANT ABSORBER DESIGN

Based on the pictures, pollutants coming out of the chimney is absorbed by the filter and then accommodated in chamber 1. And then contaminants are separated in chamber 2, then every kind of pollutants are stored in the chamber 3. Activated charcoal is placed before the chamber 3. The flow of contaminants at any sub tools detected using a control instrument. To keep the flow of particles in each pipe made with a condensation system by maintaining the humidity tool. The working method of the device is to absorb all types of pollutants that come out of the chimney. Contaminants captured by the absorber filter are collected in chambers through capillary tubes. To maintain the change of separating and changing smoke particles into charged ions created by a condensation system by supporting energy through the enthalpy process. SO2 concentration measurements were carried out for ten weeks.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this research, the manufacture of pollutant absorber using local raw materials of coconut shell charcoal. This natural material is used as absorber because the cost is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain in the Banten area. To maintain the resilience of the device to absorb pollutants is done by condensation. This is done to cool and dissolve pollutants. Coconut shell, as an absorber base, is first made into charcoal or called carbonization. The furnace used to make charcoal is a traditional ground furnace with a curing time of 3 days. Massa shell made charcoal is 100 kg.

The charcoal produced is around 30 kg. Then the charcoal is broken into granular 2-3 cm diameter using a bat. The second step is to process dehydration using 2% NaOH salt. Charcoal that has been in granular form is put into a wall pond containing NaOH salt solution. Charcoal is soaked for 24 hours. After going through the process of immersion, then the charcoal is drained. Charcoal already drained then insert it into the activation space to be converted into activated charcoal. The principle in this third step is to open the pores of the charcoal to become more extensive. This activation is carried out for 48 hours. The dried charcoal is then put in a plastic bag to be transported to UPB Suralaya .

The sample used is first converted into granules smooth ya ng sifted by size sieve 30 mesh. Moisture content and ash content are determined using the gravimetric method. Water content influences the absorption quality of activated carbon because high water content will reduce the absorption of activated carbon against gas or liquid. Determination activated carbon ash is done for me Knowing the content of the metal oxide d natural activated carbon. Ash in which obtained from the activated carbon results of research that is 5 % meet the standards SNI standard is a maximum of 10% The activated carbon of research results has an absorption capacity of I2 of 802 mg/g and meets the SNI set standards, which is a minimum of 750 mg/g.

SO2 CONCENTRATION WITH AND WITOUT ABSORBER

The trial results show that activated charcoal can absorb SO2. At the beginning of use, activated charcoal functions optimally in absorbing pollutants, especially SO2, but after passing seven weeks, the charcoal starts to decrease its function Pollutant absorber from coconut shell charcoal with condensation system is a control technique to reduce sea pollution. The difference between this tool and the tool previously seen in the position and function of the instrument. The feature of the previous device was only to absorb or separate coal-fueled pollutants, while this tool was able to absorb and separate pollutants from different fuels.

From the function side of this tool can absorb SO2 emitted. The absorbed products are then separated by a separator; after being separated, the pollutants are then absorbed so that they can be used as an energy source. The factors that influence adsorption include physical and chemical properties of adsorbent and adsorbate, liquid phase (pH, temperature), gas properties (temperature, pressure), adsorbate concentration, and contact time of adsorbent and adsorbate.

CONCLUSION:

As we have seen, there are considerable uncertainties in estimating both exposures and effects and their relationships. It may be, for example, that the effects of long-term exposure to lower concentrations of air pollutants could be more damaging to public health than short-term exposure to higher concentrations. For this reason alone, local authorities could take action to assess and improve local air quality. It is not sufficient to wait for an episode of severe air pollution and then try to deal with its effects. Coconut shell can be used and used as activated charcoal because it is relatively cheap and easy to obtain. Almost all parameters analyzed on the activated charcoal as a result of the research meet the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard now active. The use of activated charcoal as an ingredient absorbs SO2 can be applied to the industry, especially the use of coal fuel. Pollution is any damage that we cause to the environment and nobody can live without polluting our planet.

Published by:-

Priyanka Mude

Paresh Bhangale

Aditya Patil

Vishakha Shirsat

Sagar Toge